|
|
REFERENCES & RESOURCES
Research News
Prevalence
of Eating Disorders
Anorexia nervosa (AN) and bulimia nervosa (BN) are serious
psychiatric conditions recognized by the DSM-IV (APA, 2000).
The prevalence of eating disorders in Ontario has been established
in a large nonclinical community sample (Garfinkel et al.,
1995; 1996). Drawing from a sample of 8,116 individuals under
the age of 65 years, the lifetime prevalence of bulimia nervosa
was found to be 1.1% for female subjects and 0.1% for male
subjects (Garfinkel et al., 1995). The lifetime prevalence
of anorexia nervosa was found to be 0.56% for females (Garfinkel
et al., 1996) and 0.16 for males (Woodside, et al., 2001).
Garfinkel P.G., Lin, E., Goering, P., Spegg, C., Goldbloom,
D., Kennedy, S., Kaplan, A., Woodside, B. (1996). Should Amenorrhea
be Necessary for a Diagnosis of Anorexia Nervosa.: Evidence
From A Canadian Community Sample. British Journal of Psychiatry.
168, 500-506.
Garfinkel, P. E., Lin, E., Goering, P., Spegg, C., Goldbloom,
D.S., Kennedy, S., et al. (1995). Bulimia nervosa in a Canadian
community sample: prevalence and comparison of subgroups.
American Journal of Psychiatry, 152, 1052-58.
[View Article (PDF)]
Woodside, D.B., Garfinkel, P.E., Lin, E., Goering, P., Kaplan,
A.S., Goldbloom, D.S., & Kennedy, S.H. (2001). Comparisons
of men with full or partial eating disorders, men without
eating disorders, and women with eating disorders in the community.
American Journalof Psychiatry, 4, 570-574. [View Article (PDF)]
>Back to Top
|
Prevalence of Dieting
In addition to the full syndrome eating disorders, one in
four adolescent females in Ontario (13-18 years) report engaging
in at least one symptom of an eating disorder (Jones, Bennett,
Olmsted, Lawson, & Rodin, 2001); and a significant amount
of both male (25%) and female (30%) children, as young as
10-14 years, are dieting to lose weight, despite being within
a healthy weight range (McVey, Pepler, Davis, Flett, &
Abdolell, 2002; McVey, Tweed, & Blackmore, 2004; McVey,
Tweed, & Blackmore, 2005).
McVey, G.L., Pepler, D., Davis, R.,Flett, G., & Abdolell,
M. (2002). Risk and protective factors associated with disordered
eating during early adolescence. Journal of Early Adolescence,
22, 76-96.
[View Article (PDF)]
McVey, G.L., Tweed. S., & Blackmore, E. (2004) Dieting
among preadolescent and young adolescent females. Canadian
Medical Association Journal, 170, 1559-1562.
[View Article (PDF)]
McVey, G.L., Tweed, S., & Blackmore, E. (2005). Correlates
of dieting and muscle gaining behaviors in 10-14 year-old
males and females. Preventive Medicine., 40, 1-9. [View Article (PDF)]
>Back to Top
|
Guidelines for Prevention
Current research indicates that teaching students about eating
disorders is ineffective in changing their eating attitudes
and behaviours. Moreover, this approach may be harmful since
some students might learn to glamorize disturbed eating behaviours.
Instead schools are encouraged to adopt school-wide approaches
that encompass (a) sensitivity training to educators and parents
that raise their awareness about the role they play in influencing
children's (and youth's) body image and how they can learn
to recognize and act on incidences of weight discrimination,
(b) media literacy and life skills curriculum for both male
and female students, (c) school policies that address weight-based
teasing, and among other things (d) opportunities for physical
activity for all children regardless of their size or shape.
McVey, Gail, Gusella, Joanne, Tweed, Stacey and Ferrari, Manuela (2009). A Controlled Evaluation of Web-Based
Training for Teachers and Public Health Practitioners on the Prevention of Eating Disorders, Eating Disorders,17:1,1-26.
[View Article (PDF)]
Levine, M. P., & Smolak, L. (2006). The prevention of eating problems and
eating disorders: Theory, research, and practice. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates
McVey, G.L., Tweed, S., & Blackmore, E. (2007). Healthy Schools-Healthy Kids: A controlled evaluation of a comprehensive universal eating disorders prevention program. Body Image, 4, 115-136.
[View Article (PDF)]
McVey, G.L., Davis, R., Tweed, S., & Shaw, B. (2004).
An evaluation of a school-based program designed to improve
body image satisfaction, global self-esteem, and eating attitudes
and behaviours: A replication study. International Journal
of Eating Disorders, 36, 1-11.
[View Article (PDF)]
McVey, G.L., Lieberman, M., Voorberg, N., Wardrope, D., & Blackmore, E. (2003). School-based peer support groups: A new approach to the prevention of disordered eating. Eating Disorders: Treatment and Prevention of Eating Disorders 11(3), 169-185.
[View Article (PDF)]
McVey, G.L., Lieberman, M., Voorberg, N., Wardrope, D., Blackmore, E., & Tweed, S. (2003). Replication of a prevention program designed to reduce disordered eating: Is a life skills approach sufficient for all middle school students? Eating Disorders: Journal of Treatment and Prevention 11(3), 187-195.
[View Article (PDF)]
Neumark-Sztainer, D., Levine, M. P., Paxton, S. J., Smolak, L., Piran, N., & Wertheim, E. H. (2006). Prevention of body dissatisfaction and disordered eating: What next? Eating Disorders, 14, 265-285.
[View Article (PDF)]
Neumark-Sztainer,D. (2003). Obesity and eating disorder prevention: An integrated approach?
Adolescent Medicine, 14, 159.173.
O'Dea, J. (2000). School-based interventions to prevent eating problems:
First do no harm. Eating Disorders, 8, 123-130.
[View Article (PDF)]
>Back to Top
|
Treatment Guidelines
We recommend the following reading material: Practice Guidelines for the Treatment of Patients with Eating Disorders at www.psych.org
(Type in "Eating Disorders" in the search section; click on "Practice Guidelines").
Please refer to the reference list below to obtain up-to-date research articles related to the treatment of eating disorders.
McVey, G.L., Davis, R., Kaplan, A., Katzman, D., Pinhas, L., Geist, R, Heinmaa, M & Forsyth, G. (2005). A community-based training program for eating disorders and its contribution to the development of a provincial network of specialized services. International Journal of Eating Disorders 37, 535-540.
[View Article (PDF)]
>Back to Top |
Additional References & Resources
>Back to Top
|
| |
© 2005-2009 Ontario Community Outreach
Program for Eating Disorders
|
|
